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Nonsense verseVictorian · 18714 min · 5 passagesGentle

Jabberwocky

Lewis Carroll →

Half the words here don't exist, and you'll still understand every line. Read it once for the story, then again for the sound.

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Stanza 1
Portmanteau

'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe: All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe.

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Plain English

It was late afternoon, and the smooth, slimy badger-like creatures were spinning and digging in the grass around the sundial. The birds were miserable, and the lost turtle-things were making a strange noise.

Stanza 2
Parody

'Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!'

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Plain English

A warning from a father: watch out for the Jabberwock — the jaws that bite, the claws that catch. Watch out for the Jubjub bird, and stay well away from the furious Bandersnatch.

Stanzas 3–4
Narrative structure

He took his vorpal sword in hand: Long time the manxome foe he sought— So rested he by the Tumtum tree, And stood awhile in thought. And as in uffish thought he stood, The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame, Came whiffling through the tulgey wood, And burbled as it came!

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Plain English

He picked up his magic sword. He searched a long time for the monstrous enemy, rested by the Tumtum tree, and stood thinking for a while. And while he stood there deep in thought, the Jabberwock came snuffling through the dense wood, its eyes on fire, burbling as it came.

Stanzas 5–6
Onomatopoeia

One, two! One, two! And through and through The vorpal blade went snicker-snack! He left it dead, and with its head He went galumphing back. 'And hast thou slain the Jabberwock? Come to my arms, my beamish boy! O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!' He chortled in his joy.

Underlined words and phrases can be tapped for a note

Plain English

One, two! One, two! The blade went through and through with a snicker-snack sound. He left it dead and went galumphing back with its head. “And have you killed the Jabberwock? Come into my arms, my shining boy! What a glorious day! Callooh! Callay!” He chuckled in his joy.

Stanza 7
Circular structure

'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe: All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe.

Underlined words and phrases can be tapped for a note

Plain English

It was late afternoon, and the smooth, slimy badger-like creatures were spinning and digging in the grass around the sundial. The birds were miserable, and the lost turtle-things were making a strange noise.

Test what you noticed

The Street · Victorian literature

Doubt, respectability, and the noise of a city. Every answer comes with the reason and the line that proves it.

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That's the whole thing.

Read it again slowly — it gets better the second time.

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