← The timeline
650–11001 annotated work
Old English
Nobody called it English yet. Poems were recited from memory to a hall of drinkers, in a heavily inflected Germanic language, and written down centuries after they were first sung. Almost no love poetry and no comedy survives — what we have is heroic, elegiac and religious, and much of it happens at sea.
✦Alliteration instead of rhyme
✦Kennings — compressed metaphors like 'whale-road' for the sea
✦Heroic and elegiac in tone, with a strong sense of fate
✦Pagan and Christian belief held side by side