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SoliloquyRenaissance · 16015 min · 4 passagesDemanding

To be, or not to be

William Shakespeare · Hamlet →

A man thinking out loud, badly. The sentences are long on purpose — you are meant to feel thought turning into paralysis.

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Lines 56–64
Rhetorical question

To be, or not to be, that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles And by opposing end them.

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Plain English

The question is whether to keep living or to end it. Is it more dignified to put up with the slings and arrows that outrageous fortune throws at you, or to take up arms against a whole sea of troubles and finish them by fighting?

Lines 64–75
Metaphor

To die—to sleep, No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to: 'tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep; To sleep, perchance to dream—ay, there's the rub: For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause—there's the respect That makes calamity of so long life.

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Plain English

Dying is like sleeping, and sleeping puts an end to the heartache and the thousand shocks a body is born to — something to be wished for. But dying is sleeping, and sleeping might mean dreaming: that's the catch. What dreams might come in the sleep of death, once we've shrugged off this mortal body? That thought stops us, and it's why we put up with such a long miserable life.

Lines 76–88
Accumulation

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, Th'oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The pangs of dispriz'd love, the law's delay, The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of th'unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bodkin? Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the of something after death, The undiscover'd country, from whose bourn No traveller returns, puzzles the will, And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of?

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Plain English

After all, who would put up with the whipping and contempt of the world — the bully's wrong, the proud man's insults, rejected love, slow courts, arrogant officials, and the way patient merit gets kicked by people who don't deserve it — if you could settle everything with one bare dagger? Who would carry these burdens and sweat through a miserable life, except that we dread something after death, that undiscovered country nobody returns from, and that uncertainty freezes the will, so we choose the pain we know over the pain we don't?

Lines 89–94
Metaphor

Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn awry And lose the name of action.

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Plain English

So thinking too much makes cowards of us all. The natural colour of determination gets sicklied over with the pale grey of thought, and great plans lose their momentum, turn off course, and stop being actions at all.

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The Globe · Shakespeare & Renaissance drama

Soliloquy, ambition, and the sound of a voice thinking. Every answer comes with the reason and the line that proves it.

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Hamlet

Prince of Denmark, and a son in mourning

To be, or not to be · William Shakespeare
Wants
To know something true before acting, in a court built on appearances.
Undone by
He thinks thinking is a form of action, which lets him postpone both.

Claudius

King, by marriage and murder

To be, or not to be · William Shakespeare
Wants
To keep what he took, and to be forgiven for how he took it.
Undone by
He wants the crown and a clean conscience, which is one wish too many.

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